A child watches their older sibling get praised by a parent for putting all their building blocks away in a bin after playing. The next day, without being asked, the child carefully arranges their own crayons back into their box and stacks their picture books on a shelf. Which statement best explains the cognitive process demonstrated by the child?

A child watches their older sibling consistently get praised for saying 'please' and 'thank you' at the dinner table. A few days later, when playing with a friend at the park, the child says 'please' when asking for a turn on the swing and 'thank you' after their turn is over. Which statement best explains the cognitive process demonstrated by the child?