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Between signals, a neuron's membrane potential is maintained in a state of readiness known as the resting potential. In this condition, ions—such as sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+)—accumulate closely on either side of the cell membrane. This separation of charges acts much like a stretched rubber band storing potential energy, leaving the ions prepared to rush across the membrane as soon as the neuron activates and its gates open.

Resting Potential

A neuron in its resting state is often described as being 'polarized' and ready to fire an electrical signal. Which statement best analyzes the underlying conditions that create and maintain this state of readiness?

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