A person is sitting in a quiet room reading a book. They suddenly notice the faint sound of rain tapping against the window, feel their own heart beating a little faster with excitement about the story, and remember they need to call a friend later. Which of these experiences is a direct result of awareness of an external stimulus?

A person is trying to study in their room. They feel their stomach rumble with hunger, notice the sound of a lawnmower outside the window, and think about an upcoming exam. Which of these experiences is a direct result of perceiving an external stimulus?