All of the models are individually focused and tend to use a deficit-based language, assuming that the disability is a negative thing for a person to ‘‘overcome’’ to be whole.
These models differ dramatically from the current trends in the disability
studies movement that view (dis)ability as a positive identity.

Issues with these outdated psychological models

In this model, disability not only is seen as something that negatively impacts the sexual functioning of an individual but the researchers conclude that individuals with disabilities actively avoid sexual experiences in response to their disabilities.

Pepperdine University

When sexuality is described in connection with disability, the disability
is often viewed as being ‘‘superimposed’’ upon otherwise healthy sexual
functioning. The literature on the impact of disability
on sexuality struggles to account for the sexual expressions of people with
disabilities in terms of desire, arousal, and positive sexual functioning.

Impact of Disability on Sexuality: A Psychological Perspective

Sarah L. Schulz (2009) Psychological Theories of Disability and Sexuality: A Literature Review, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 19:1, 58-69, DOI: 10.1080/10911350802631578

Psychological Theories of Disability and Sexuality: A Literature Review

A psychological model was proposed to develop valid and reliable measurements of physical disability on sexual activity and satisfaction. This model describes sexual symptoms in terms of primary, secondary, and tertiary dysfunction.

Example of a psychological model on disability and sexuality

A psychological model proposed by psychologists Anderson and Elliot (1993)

Another psychological model of disability that focuses on adjustment to a disability includes the following five stages of disability identity development: shock, expectancy of recovery, mourning, defense, and adjustment 

A psychological model proposed by Kerr (1977)

This model focuses on three stages of adjustment to disability: (1) stigma isolation (2) stigma recognition, and (3) stigma incorporation.

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