What is a defining characteristic of quota sampling?

A researcher wants their sample of 400 people to mirror the local city's demographic proportions (such as age and gender). Arrange the following steps of the quota sampling process in the correct chronological order.

A psychology researcher conducting a study on mental health access uses quota sampling to ensure their sample is exactly $25\%$ rural and $75\%$ urban to match the state population. If they achieve these exact proportions using a convenience approach, the researcher can conclude that they have eliminated selection bias and created a sample that is methodologically equivalent to a random probability sample.

A psychology research team is evaluating different approaches to sampling for a study on student stress. Match each methodological decision with its corresponding evaluative critique or trade-off regarding the use of quota sampling.

In quota sampling, researchers use random selection to fill the predetermined proportions for each subgroup in the sample.

Which of the following best explains why quota sampling is classified as a non-probability sampling technique, even though its goal is to create a sample that mirrors population demographics?

A psychology researcher wants to study the exercise habits of students and needs their sample of 100 participants to mirror the university's breakdown of 20% athletes and 80% non-athletes. The researcher stands outside the student union and recruits the first 20 athletes and 80 non-athletes who agree to be interviewed. This technique of filling specific subgroup targets through a non-random recruitment process is known as _____ sampling.