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A researcher designs an observational study to measure Agreeableness in a group negotiation task. They operationalize 'high Agreeableness' as 'accepting all deals proposed by other group members.' However, a participant who is highly suspicious of others' motives (a key characteristic of low Agreeableness) might still accept all deals purely as a calculated, self-serving strategy to avoid conflict.

Statement: The researcher's operational definition fails to ensure construct validity because it conflates a cooperative, trusting disposition with strategic self-interest, meaning that individuals who are fundamentally low in Agreeableness could be incorrectly analyzed as scoring high on this dimension.

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Updated 2026-06-07

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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU

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