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While the approaches within behaviorism are fundamental to understanding learning, they do not encompass the entire field. Separate and distinct traditions for studying learning have developed within other areas of psychology, such as those focused on memory and cognition. A comprehensive understanding of learning requires considering these alternative perspectives, which often converge with behaviorist principles over time.

Learning Perspectives Beyond Behaviorism

A student learns the layout of a complex video game level by watching a 'walkthrough' video online. They are then able to navigate the level perfectly on their first attempt without any trial-and-error. Why would a strict, traditional behaviorist perspective have difficulty explaining this type of learning?

Analyze why an explanation of learning that focuses solely on the consequences of observable actions (like rewards and punishments) is insufficient to fully account for Student B's learning experience. What does Student B's process suggest is also involved in learning?

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