Calculating Risk for a Candidate Sentence

A team is developing a text summarization system. The primary goal is to generate summaries that are factually consistent with the source document, even if it means the summary is less fluent or grammatically perfect. The system generates multiple candidate summaries and must select the best one by minimizing the expected penalty against all other candidates. Which of the following penalty functions, R(y, y_r), which measures the cost of choosing candidate summary 'y' over reference summary 'y_r', would be most appropriate for this specific goal?

A crucial aspect of selecting the best output from a set of candidates is defining a function, R(y, y_r), that measures the penalty of selecting a candidate output 'y' over another potential output 'y_r'. Match each description of a penalty function to the primary type of error it is designed to penalize.