Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological review, 50(4), 370.

University of Texas at Austin

Motivational theory in psychology comprises a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as a hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before individuals can attend to needs higher up.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory of human motivation.

The most fundamental level of Maslow's hierarchy, physiological needs are the basic requirements for human survival. These include the need for food, water, shelter, warmth, and rest.

Physiological Needs

A core principle of Maslow's theory is that lower-level needs take precedence. For instance, an individual struggling to find enough food to satisfy their physiological hunger is unlikely to focus on higher-level social or esteem needs, such as how others perceive them. Their primary motivation and energy will be directed toward meeting the fundamental need for nutrition.

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