The point of this article is clearly identified by a question in the abstract:

• "Every quantitative study must be able to answer this question: what is your estimand?"
• The Estimand is defined as a way to tell the purpose of the statistical analysis. It creates attention to what we do when Estimating. There are three things one should follow when identifying an estimand, and that is (1) set a theoretical estimand, and (2) link it to an empirical estimand, (3) learn from the data
• By following these steps, we can connect statistical estimates to theory.