External pressure refers to the stress students experience as a result of struggling to meet the expectations (either real or perceived to be real by the student) their parents and/or teachers have regarding their academic performance. 

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- Workload pressure 
- External pressure 
- Intrapsychic pressure

Types of Academic Stress 

Zimmer-Gembeck, M.J., Skinner, E.A., Scott, R.A., Ryan, K.M., Hawes, T., Gardner, A.A., & Duffy, A.L. (2023). Parental support and adolescents’ coping with academic stressors: A longitudinal study of parents’ influence beyond academic pressure and achievement. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01864-w. 


Parental support and adolescents' coping with academic stressors: A longitudinal study of parents' influence beyond academic pressure 

Workload pressure refers to stress that students experience when they are overwhelmed by the nature and/or amount of school work. This can include homework, essays, tests, etc. 

Academic Stress: Workload Pressure

Academic Stress: External Pressure 

Intrapsychic pressure refers to the stress students experience as a result of the pressure that they put on themselves to perform well academically. Although intrinsic motivation often is beneficial when it comes to lessening academic stress and increasing students' academic performance, it can become problematic when students begin to put too much pressure on themselves and begin to obsess over it. 

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