Google

Individuals who volunteer to participate in psychological research systematically differ from non-volunteers in predictable ways, even when receiving compensation. As documented by Rosenthal & Rosnow (1976), volunteer subjects tend, on average, to be more interested in the research topic, more educated, more sociable, higher in social class, have a higher IQ, and possess a greater need for approval compared to those who do not volunteer.

Characteristics of Volunteer Subjects

The systematic differences between volunteer research participants and the general population can create issues for external validity. Because volunteers possess unique characteristics—such as higher education levels or a higher IQ—they may respond differently to experimental conditions than the broader public, thereby limiting the generalizability of the findings to the general population.

Volunteer Bias and External Validity

According to Rosenthal and Rosnow (1976), which of the following characteristics is more commonly found in individuals who volunteer for psychological research compared to those who do not?

Learn Before

Related