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According to the text, what are the two primary types of reasoning researchers use to formulate a logically sound hypothesis, and under what circumstances is each type typically employed?
Question: According to the text, what are the two primary types of reasoning researchers use to formulate a logically sound hypothesis, and under what circumstances is each type typically employed?
Sample answer: Researchers primarily use deductive and inductive reasoning to formulate logical hypotheses. Deductive reasoning is typically used when researchers begin with a broad, existing theory to derive a specific, testable hypothesis. Conversely, inductive reasoning is employed when there is no existing theory; instead, researchers use specific research findings or empirical observations to develop a more general hypothesis.
Key points:
- Identifies deductive reasoning.
- States that deductive reasoning is used to derive a specific hypothesis from a broader theory.
- Identifies inductive reasoning.
- States that inductive reasoning is used in the absence of an existing theory, drawing on specific observations or findings.
Rubric: Full credit is awarded if the student correctly identifies both deductive and inductive reasoning and accurately describes the circumstances under which each is used based on the text.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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