1. Funded by NIDA and FDA. 
2. Study uses data from Wave 1 of the PATH study (Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health) that asked  youth about ever and past 30-day use of tobacco products including ENDS products.
3. About 81.5% (77.9–85.0) stated that they use e-cigarettes because of the flavors, therefore, the study confirmed that flavors appeal to youth.
4. Tobacco control and prevention strategies should be considered to prevent youth from harms of e-cigarettes. 


E-Cigarette Use Among Youth 

1. This study is funded by the Imperial Brands, which is a tobacco company. 
2. The study by Malt et al. (2020) looks at the perception of relative harm from e-cigarettes versus regular cigarettes using publicly available national data from PATH (Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health). 
3. The article found that the proportion of US adults who thought of ENDS products as less harmful than regular cigarettes decreased over the past few years: from 41.1% (CI 40.1–42.1%) in 2013–2014, 31.5% (CI 30.8–32.2%) in 2014–2015 and 25.3% (CI 24.6–26.0%) in 2015–2016. On the other hand, the proportion of US adults who perceived ENDSs as equally, or more, harmful than cigarettes increased: from 53.7% (CI 52.3–55.1%), 64.9% (CI 63.6–66.2%) to 72.7% (CI 71.5–73.9%).
4. Although the data seem to show reasonable trends, the authors noticeably use biased language. For example, they claim that those who perceived ENDS as less harmful "correctly perceived" the fact, and those who did not, "incorrectly perceived". They also claimed "Current adult smokers appear to be poorly informed about the relative risks of e-cigarettes yet have potentially the most to gain from transitioning to these products."

Perceived risks of e-cigarettes

Considering the fact that electronic cigarettes are relatively new, it is nor surprising that there is not much research available to state accurate facts about the harms. However, both government health organizations and also private tobacco companies are currently investigating the harms. Tobacco industries fund a lot of research and publish papers that mask accurate information. The child nodes from this node will therefore state whether the research was funded by a tobacco agency or no. 

University of Rochester

1.  About the Office on Smoking and Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 9 August 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/osh/index.htm.
2. Ambrose, B. K., Day, H. R., Rostron, B., Conway, K. P., Borek, N., Hyland, A., & Villanti, A. C. (2015). Flavored Tobacco Product Use Among US Youth Aged 12-17 Years, 2013-2014. JAMA, 314(17), 1871–1873. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.13802 
3. E-Cigarettes are harmful to health. World Health Organization. Retrieved 9 August 2021, from https://www.who.int/news/item/05-02-2020-e-cigarettes-are-harmful-to-health. 
4. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. A Report of the Surgeon General. (2016). Retrieved 9 August 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/e-cigarettes/pdfs/2016_sgr_entire_report_508.pdf. 
5. Malt, L., Verron, T., Cahours, X. et al. Perception of the relative harm of electronic cigarettes compared to cigarettes amongst US adults from 2013 to 2016: analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study data. Harm Reduct J 17, 65 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-020-00410-2
6. PATH (Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health) Study - Home. Pathstudyinfo.nih.gov. Retrieved 9 August 2021, from https://pathstudyinfo.nih.gov/. 
7. Quick Facts on the Risks of E-cigarettes for Young People. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 9 August 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-for-Kids-Teens-and-Young-Adults.html#six.

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