- Printed circuit boards
- Communication hardware, interfaces and storage
- Integrated circuits
- Very large scale integration design
- Power and energy
- Electronic design automation
- Hardware validation
- Hardware test
- Robustness
- Emerging technologies

Hardware in ACM Computing Classification

- Architectures
- Embedded and cyber-physical systems
- Real-time systems
- Dependable and fault-tolerant systems and networks

Computer systems organization in ACM Computing Classification

- Network architectures
- Network protocols
- Network components
- Network algorithms
- Network performance evaluation
- Network properties
- Network services
- Network types

Networks in ACM Computing Classification

- Software organization and properties
- Software notations and tools
- Software creation and management

Software and its engineering in ACM Computing Classification

- Models of computation
- Formal languages and automata theory
- Computational complexity and cryptography
- Logic
- Design and analysis of algorithms
- Randomness, geometry and discrete structures
- Theory and algorithms for application domains
- Semantics and reasoning

Theory of computation in ACM Computing Classification

- Discrete mathematics
- Probability and statistics
- Mathematical software
- Information theory
- Mathematical analysis
- Continuous mathematics

Mathematics of computing in ACM Computing Classification

- Data management systems
- Information storage systems
- Information systems applications
- World Wide Web
- Information retrieval

Information systems in ACM Computing Classification

- Cryptography
- Formal methods and theory of security
- Security services
- Intrusion/anomaly detection and malware mitigation
- Security in hardware
- Systems security
- Network security
- Database and storage security
- Software and application security
- Human and societal aspects of security and privacy

Security and privacy in ACM Computing Classification

- Human computer interaction (HCI)
- Interaction design
- Collaborative and social computing
- Ubiquitous and mobile computing
- Data Visualization
- Accessibility

Human-centered computing in ACM Computing Classification

- Symbolic and algebraic manipulation
- Parallel computing methodologies
- Artificial intelligence
- Machine learning
- Modeling and simulation
- Computer graphics
- Distributed computing methodologies
- Concurrent computing methodologies

Computing methodologies in ACM Computing Classification

- Electronic commerce
- Enterprise computing
- Physical sciences and engineering
- Life and medical sciences
- Law, social and behavioral sciences
- Computer forensics
- Arts and humanities
- Computers in other domains
- Operations research
- Learning Science
- Document management and text processing

Applied computing in ACM Computing Classification

- Professional topics
- Computing / technology policy
- User characteristics

Social and professional topics in ACM Computing Classification

- Hardware
- Computer systems organization
- Networks
- Software and its engineering
- Theory of computation
- Mathematics of computing
- Information systems
- Security and privacy
- Human-centered computing
- Computing methodologies
- Applied computing
- Social and professional topics

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Computing sciences include the study of methods of statistical computation and its applications.

Computing Sciences

[dl.acm.org/ccs](https://dl.acm.org/ccs) 

ACM Computing Classification System

ACM Computing Classification

Computer science is the study of processes that can be represented as data in the form of programs. Computer scientists use algorithms to manipulate, store, and communicate information.

Computer Science

ACM brings together computing educators, researchers, and professionals to inspire dialogue, share resources, and address the field's challenges. As the world’s largest computing society, ACM strengthens the profession's collective voice through strong leadership, promotion of the highest standards, and recognition of technical excellence. ACM supports the professional growth of its members by providing opportunities for life‐long learning, career development, and professional networking.
Founded at the dawn of the computer age, ACM’s reach extends to every part of the globe, with more than half of its nearly 100,000 members residing outside the U.S.  Its growing membership has led to Councils in Europe, India, and China, fostering networking opportunities that strengthen ties within and across countries and technical communities.  Their actions enhance ACM’s ability to raise awareness of computing’s important technical, educational, and social issues around the world. 



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