University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- Overall, interstitial warnings were more effective than contextual warnings in notifying users of disinformation and changing how they react to the information presented
- The study’s warning designs also contributed to user behavioral changes because the colors and design resembled obvious warnings
- In general, participants who could recognize and understand the warning labels referred to additional sources
- Participants suggested specific explanations as to why there are warning signs to prevent users from believing the warnings are for computer viruses or other risks not associated with disinformation 
- Limitations to the study include having a small sample size, participants knowing researchers were watching their every action and move, participants not being particularly interested in the topics of choice and therefore did not spend a lot of effort trying to locate accurate information

Adapting Security Warnings to Counter Misinformation - Laboratory Study Discussion

Kaiser, B., Wei, J., Lucherini, E., Lee, K., Matias, J. N., & Mayer, J. (2020). Adapting Security Warnings to Counter Misinformation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.10772. https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.10772

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