ADHD and Bipolar Disorder are commonly comorbid conditions (Katzman et al., 2017). Bipolar Disorder is a mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes: manic ("high") episodes, marked by elevated energy, irritability, and impulsivity, and depressive ("low") episodes, marked by dejection, hopelessness, and detachment.

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- Depression
- Anxiety Disorders
- Bipolar disorder
- SUDs (Substance-Use Disorders)
- Personality Disorders

ADHD: Common Psychiatric Comorbidities

Personality disorders refer to mental health disorders that can negatively affect how people view themselves and how they react to situations.  They are another common psychiatric comorbidity with ADHD.  

There are Group A, Group B, and Group C personality disorders.

ADHD and Personality Disorders

Symptoms of comorbid anxiety and ADHD present themselves differently depending on the age of the individual. They can impact an individual socially, emotionally, behaviorally, academically, and can even affect their health and wellbeing. 

ADHD and Anxiety Comorbidity

- Katzman, M. A., Bilkey, T. S., Chokka, P. R., Fallu, A., & Klassen, L. J. (2017). Adult ADHD and comorbid disorders: clinical implications of a dimensional approach. BMC psychiatry, 17(1), 302. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1463-3
- Riglin, L., Leppert, B., Dardani, C., Thapar, A. K., Rice, F., O'Donovan, M. C., ... & Thapar, A. (2021). ADHD and depression: investigating a causal explanation. Psychological Medicine, 51(11), 1890-1897.
- Wilens, T. E., & Upadhyaya, H. P. (2007). Impact of substance use disorder on ADHD and its treatment. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 68(8), 27720.
- Zulauf, C. A., Sprich, S. E., Safren, S. A., & Wilens, T. E. (2014). The complicated relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders. Current psychiatry reports, 16, 1-11.

References: ADHD: Common Psychiatric Comorbidities

Depression, a mood disorder associated with strong feelings of dejection and dispiritedness, is a common psychiatric comorbidity with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).  Due to the overlapping characteristics of both ADHD and depression, there are likely multiple causes that contribute to this relationship.

ADHD and Depression

ADHD and Bipolar Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with substance use disorders (SUDs). SUDs are characterized by the problematic use of substances, which can lead to impaired behavioral control and negative physical, psychological, and interpersonal effects. The comorbid relationship between ADHD and SUDs is hypothesized to stem, in part, from impairments in the brain's reward system among individuals with ADHD.

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