The ADOS-2 is more likely to produce false positives (giving a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder to a non-autistic individual) when an individual has a different psychiatric or developmental disorder, such as schizophrenia or ADHD. 

False positives in the ADOS-2 

The ADOS-2 is more likely to produce false negatives (not giving a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder to an autistic individual) when the individual is female or assigned female at birth. 

False negatives in the ADOS-2 

The ADOS-2, Module 4 is one of the most frequently-used diagnostic tools for diagnosing adolescents and adults on the autism spectrum, involving a semi-structured interview between the evaluator and the person being evaluated. Its primary purpose is to assess a person’s social skills and to observe for any repetitive or restrictive behaviors. It is commonly used in conjunction with the ADI-R. 

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- Autism Quotient and Short Autism Quotient (AQ and AQ-10) 
- Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale–Revised (RAADS-R)
- Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q) 
- Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire (RBQ-2A) 
- Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2), Module 4 

Screening and Diagnostic Tools for Adults

Lord, C., Rutter, M., Goode, S., Heemsbergen, J., Jordan, H., Mawhood, L., Schopler, E. (June 1989). "Autism diagnostic observation schedule: a standardized observation of communicative and social behavior". Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 19 (2): 185–212. doi:10.1007/BF02211841. PMID 2745388. S2CID 35621472. 

Autism diagnostic observation schedule: a standardized observation of communicative and social behavior

The RAADS-R is a diagnostic tool specifically geared toward identifying autistic individuals with a subclinical presentation. It nuances its grading scale by distinguishing between behaviors present in both adulthood and childhood, in adulthood only, and in childhood only. The RAADS-R has an especially high sensitivity, with 97% of autistic individuals being correctly identified by the inventory. 

RAADS-R

The CAT-Q is a diagnostic tool that measures how much an individual masks, or hides, autistic traits. It serves as a useful tool for identifying autistic individuals who are missed by other inventories due to the way that they mask. 

CAT-Q

The RBQ-2A is a diagnostic tool that measures the frequency of restrictive and repetitive behaviors, which is one of the key diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorder in the DSM-5. 

RBQ-2A 

ADOS-2, Module 4  

The Autism Quotient is one of the most commonly-used diagnostic tools in adults, with fifty questions relating to various diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder. 


The shortened Autism Quotient (AQ-10) was created to speed up the screening process, containing only ten questions compared to the fifty questions in the original Autism Quotient. 

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