Turing wrote: “Presumably the child brain is something like a notebook as one buys it from the stationer’s. Rather little mechanism, and lots of blank sheets.” He was wrong about that: the child’s brain is rich in mechanisms and prestored templates. 
Nonetheless, Turing was on to something. We probably will not succeed in creating humanlike intelligence until we can create childlike intelligence, and a key component of this intelligence is the mastery of causation. 
How can machines acquire causal knowledge? This is still a major challenge that will undoubtedly involve an intricate combination of inputs from active experimentation, passive observation, and (not least) the programmer—much the same inputs that a child receives, with evolution, parents, and peers substituted for the programmer. 

Major challenge of producing a childlike intelligence

To pass the Turing Test, Alan Turing proposed replicating a child's mind, which possesses the capability and framework to learn new knowledge, rather than an adult mind already filled with information. A key component of this strategy involves enabling machines to acquire causal knowledge.

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A machine passes this test if a human could perceive their interactions with the machine as human, indicating that the machine has successfully emulated human reasoning. 

Turing Test

The Mini-Turing Test is a reduced version of the Turing Test that only assesses whether the machine is capable of performing causal inferences.

Mini-Turing Test

Searle’s Chinese Room Argument has been used to criticize the ability of the Turing test to test actual intelligence. He proposes that someone be locked alone in a room with a rulebook for Chinese symbols, which represents the computer program. The person then receives batches of Chinese symbols. They subsequently follow the rule book and hand back Chinese outputs. The person in the room gets so good at following the rulebook and give back accurate answers that they are indistinguishable from a native speaker and passes the Turing test. 

However, Searle states that no matter how good this program is, the person in the room still does not know any Chinese. Therefore, computers are not actually intelligent for this reason, which makes the Turing Test inadequate.

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