The methodology for exploring COVID-19 misinformation on Twitter involved several techniques. A bot detection API was applied to each account, and TwiRole was used to classify accounts as brands or normal users. Account popularity was determined by evaluating follower count, verification status, favorite count, and account age. Propagation speed ($P_s$) was calculated using the equation $P_s = \frac{ \sum_{n}^{d} -1^{rc}}{N_d}$, where rc is the retweet count per day and $N_d$ is the total number of days. Content analysis involved noting common hashtags, emojis, distinctive terms, and language indicating emotional or psychological factors.