Tulane University

Cytokines similar to those in humans infected with Covid-19 had been upregulated in the two animals, AGM1 and AGM2, that progressed to ARDS. Elevated cytokines included IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-4/IL-13, IL-8, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, indicative of a cytokine storm. AGM4 had a similar increase in cytokine concentrations but did not progress to ARDS. Contrastingly, RMs had moderate changes in cytokine expression at 7 DPI, despite extensive viral loads. IFN-γ concentrations were high in AGM1 and AGM2 during an acute infection and associated with viral RNA in the bronchi. IgG antibodies were not observed in AGM1, but all remaining animals had observable antibody concentrations by 21 DPI. 

Production of Cytokines

Blair, R. V., Vaccari, M., Doyle-Meyers, L. A., Roy, C. J., Russell-Lodrigue, K., Fahlberg, M., . . . Rappaport, J. (2021). Acute respiratory distress in aged, sars-cov-2–infected african green monkeys but not rhesus macaques. The American Journal of Pathology, 191(2), 274-282. doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.016

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