Declaration of Helsinki

Weighing Risks Against Benefits

Which of the following ethical requirements was a primary focus of the Nuremberg Code established in 1947?

According to the Nuremberg Code, the potential scientific benefits of a study can ethically justify the omission of informed consent as long as the risks to participants are carefully minimized.

Match each hypothetical psychology research scenario with the specific ethical principle of the Nuremberg Code it demonstrates.

Analyze the ethical requirements of the Nuremberg Code. Arrange the following actions in the logical procedural order a researcher must follow when developing a study, from the initial conceptual justification to the recruitment of human participants.

To judge whether a research study is ethically justifiable under the Nuremberg Code, the researcher must evaluate whether the anticipated ______ of the experiment to society are sufficient to outweigh the potential risks and suffering of the human participants.

The Nuremberg Code, established in 1947, consists of 10 ethical principles developed in response to research atrocities committed against which group during World War II?

Match each core component of the Nuremberg Code with its specific role in the history and practice of research ethics.

A psychological researcher plans to study the cognitive effects of extreme sleep deprivation. Even though the participant agrees and signs an informed consent form, the researcher determines that the potential psychological risks to the participant outweigh any scientific benefits of the study. According to the principles established in the Nuremberg Code, this study is ethically permissible because informed consent was obtained.

When analyzing the ethical standards of a proposed study under the Nuremberg Code, an ethics committee must evaluate the relationship between potential harms and gains by carefully weighing _____ against benefits.

Evaluate the chronological and conceptual development of early research ethics standards as outlined in the course materials. Arrange the following events and codes in the correct order from earliest to latest.