Essay

Analyzing Compensated vs. Uncompensated Effects

Consider two scenarios. In Scenario A, a factory pollutes a river, which harms a downstream fishing business. The factory does not compensate the fishing business for this damage and does not consider the harm when deciding how much to produce. In Scenario B, the same factory pollutes the same river, but a local law requires the factory to pay the fishing business a fee for every unit of pollution released, a fee which fully compensates the business for the harm. Analyze both scenarios and explain why one contains an external effect while the other does not. Your explanation must focus on the key element that defines an external effect.

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Updated 2025-08-27

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