An economist creates bar charts to visualize the average annual income for each decile (10% segment) of the population in two different countries.

• For Country A, a high-income nation, the chart shows a steep 'skyscraper' shape, with the bar for the richest 10% being dramatically taller than the bar for the poorest 10%.
• For Country B, a very low-income nation, the chart appears almost flat, with all bars being very short and of similar height.

However, a calculation of the ratio between the average income of the richest 10% and the poorest 10% reveals that this ratio is identical for both countries.

What is the best explanation for why the visual representation for Country B seems to show low inequality when the calculated ratio indicates otherwise?

Interpreting Income Inequality Visualizations

Interpreting Income Distribution Charts

If a bar chart displaying the average income for each decile in a very low-income country appears visually flat with all bars being short, an analyst can confidently conclude that the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to that of the poorest 10% is also low.

An economist is comparing income distribution in two countries.

• Country A: The average annual income for the poorest 10% of the population is $10,000, and for the richest 10$150,000.
• Country B: The average annual income for the poorest 10% is $200, and for the richest 10$3,000.

If both distributions are plotted on separate bar charts using an identical vertical axis scale (e.g., from $0 to$160,000), which statement best predicts the visual appearance of the inequality in each country?

Critique of an Economic Analysis

An economic analyst presents a bar chart displaying the average annual income for each of the ten income deciles in a developing nation with a very low average income. A colleague observes the chart and, noticing that all the bars are very short and nearly identical in height, concludes that the nation has a high degree of income equality.

Which of the following calculations would be the most effective for the analyst to use to provide a more accurate picture of income inequality and potentially challenge the colleague's conclusion?

Analyzing Income Inequality Data

Explaining Visual Distortions in Income Charts

An economist has data for four different countries. For each country profile below, match it to the most accurate description of its income inequality, considering both the likely visual appearance of a bar chart showing average income per decile and the country's level of relative inequality (the rich-poor ratio).