Read the following case study. Based on the established links between psychological factors and physical health, analyze the potential non-biological contributors to this individual's medical condition.

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Cardiovascular disorders, which affect the heart and blood circulation system, are serious medical conditions that are central to the study of psychophysiological health. Extensive research has consistently demonstrated a strong link between these disorders and psychological factors, showing they are significantly influenced by stress and negative emotions like anger, negative affectivity, and depression.

Cardiovascular Disorders

Heart disease, a type of cardiovascular disorder, is a significant public health issue. It stands as the leading cause of death in the developed world and is responsible for about one out of every three deaths in the United States each year. The development of heart disease is influenced by a wide range of factors.

Heart Disease

A study demonstrated a significant connection between traumatic stress and cardiovascular health. Individuals who were injured during the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center attack or subsequently developed post-traumatic stress symptoms were found to have substantially higher rates of heart disease in the years that followed.

Link Between Traumatic Stress and Heart Disease

Read the following scenario. Based on the relationship between psychological states and physical health, analyze the contributing factors to Alex's medical diagnosis and explain the connection.

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