Substance use and abuse is highly costly, expending over $600 billion a year in the United States.

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Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders are characterized by abusing the activation of the brain reward system through certain behaviors or the use of pharmacological substances. This often results in a sense of increased pleasure, or a “high”, encouraging reinforcement of behaviors and actions that are detrimental to or neglectful of daily activities. Due to insufficient research, repetitive behaviors that have been coined as behavioral addictions (e.g., sex addiction, exercise addiction, or shopping addiction) are excluded from this chapter.

Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

The DSM-5-TR separates Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders into the following two distinct categories:
- Substance-Related Disorders
- Non-Substance Related "Addictive" Disorders


[DSM-5-TR] Categories of Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

A comprehensive understanding of substance-related topics involves three main areas: describing the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders, identifying the specific neurotransmitter systems affected by different drug categories, and explaining how these drug categories influence behavior and conscious experience.

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