Take Tobacco case as an example, the interviewer must have known whether they had cancer or not, which is likely to affect their recollection. 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Recall bias is a error that occurs when participants do not remember previous events or experiences accurately or omit details: the accuracy and volume of memories may be influenced by subsequent events and experiences.

Recall Bias

Pearl, J., & Mackenzie, D. (2018). $$\mathit{The \ Book \ of \ Why: \ The \ New \ Science \ of \ Cause \ and \ Effect.}$$ Basic Books.

The Book of Why

Recall bias usually occurs in studies which involve self-reporting, such as case-control studies and retrospective cohort studies.

Types of Studies where Recall bias happens

- Can potentially exaggerate the relation between a potential risk factor and the disease.
- Might not remove factors which may not be correalted

Major Problems with recall bias

Wash out period:
            a certain fixed time period that must elapse between the subject's first observation and their subsequent observation of the same event.

How to Account for recall bias

Recall bias can appear in different settings. A patient being treated for ADHD may vividly remember large, panic-inducing events while neglecting to report small, gradual changes in their symptoms, skewing self-reported history. Similarly, in a trial of cancer patients, participants may fail to accurately recall or report their family medical history, introducing recall bias into the collected data.

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