This civil rights legislation banned the discrimination of people with disabilities in different sects, though there was no direct coverage of education. 

Disability Discrimination Act (1995)

1. The categorization of a person as disabled
2. Exceptions to reasonable adjustments

Setbacks of the Anti-discrimination/civil rights approach

The anti-discrimination/civil rights approach focused on the legal framework and shifts focus away from the professional and bureaucratic dominion of law and towards legislation focused on upholding rights. Though, there still appears to be setbacks concerning case law's considerations of disability distinction.

University of Notre Dame

Different typologies and models such as those of Kirp and Hill and Hupe were applied in the analysis of special needs education policies. From the Scottish perspective, there are three main approaches, that overlap and appear to all aim toward inclusion: individualized, systems, and anti-discrimination approaches.

Three Main Approaches to Special Needs Education (Scotland)

Tisdall, E. K., &amp; Riddell, S. (2006). Policies on special needs education: Competing strategies and discourses. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 21(4), 363–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856250600956154 

Policies on special needs education: Competing strategies and discourses.

Policies give parents powerful lobbying abilities and rights over appeals concerning their children's needs. While there were caveats, parents were given a decent amount of authority with the Education Act of 1980 and subsequent amendment in 1981. Power is also given to professionals, namely educational psychologists, who are able to use their professional and bureaucratic positions to determine which children have SEN and should receive the provisions. 

Individual Needs Approach

Children were given greater rights over their own educational decisions and concerns. Though, policies still highlighted the dominance of bureaucratic and professional systems in decision-making and management. There is an emphasis on the duty of the local administration in particular to follow the instructions of the national authorities. 

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