- Due to inflammation in ARDS, epithelial cells are damaged
- Vascular dysfunction results in the development of fibrosis from ARDS
- IL-6 inhibitors administered at the beginning of lung damage can results in fibrosis; when it is administered when fibrosis is first present, it prevents the spread of fibrosis


Pulmonary Fibrosis and ARDS

- When avB6 was not expressed in mice, this prevented them from viral infections (and acute lung injury)
- Gal-3, when increased, lowers inflammation (studied in mice)
- Gal-3 also prevents damage to the lungs and fibrosis
- mTOR (rapamycin) and oseltamivir together lowers virus replication and inflammation
- Pentraxins, such as SAP, lowers levels of inflammation after 1 week of the onset of bleomycin-induced lung injury/ pulmonary fibrosis (studied in mice)
- SAP inhibits JNK action
- JNK1 inhibitors prevents fibrosis and lung infections
- C21 has an anti-inflammatory effect


Michigan State University

- Pulmonary fibrosis has been found in the autopsies of severe COVID-19 patients
- It is possible that the cytokine storm can result in pulmonary fibrosis
- Antifibrotic therapy can be useful in identifying COVID-19 patients that are on the verge of developing pulmonary fibrosis
- Nintedanib therapy prevents to formation of fibrinogen in the lungs (pirfenidone could potentially have the same effects)
- IPF results in damage to alveoli in the lungs


Pulmonary Fibrosis and COVID-19 With The Use of Antifibrotic Therapy

George, P. M., Wells, A. U., & Jenkins, R. G. (2020). Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.

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