Past research has identified many risk factors for antisocial personality disorder, ranging from family, peer, to community influence. 

Risk Factors for Antisocial Personality Disorder

The manifestation of antisocial personality disorder can vary based on gender. Specifically, research indicates that men and women diagnosed with the disorder tend to exhibit different types of antisocial behaviors.

Gender Differences in Antisocial Behaviors in ASPD

A chronic and pervasive disposition to disregard and violate the rights of others. Manifestations include:
- Repeated violations of the law
- Exploitation of others
- Deceitfulness
- Impulsivity
- Aggressiveness
- Reckless disregard for the safety of self and others
- Irresponsibility
- A lack of guilt, remorse, and empathy.

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- Antisocial personality disorder
- Borderline personality disorder
- Histrionic personality disorder
- Narcissistic personality disorder

Cluster B Personality Disorders

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Clinical psychology. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/ed/graduate/specialize/clinical 

American Psychological Association: Clinical Psychology

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Histrionic Personality Disorder (often abbreviated as HPD) is a personality disorder characterized by extreme emotional patterns and attention-seeking. People with Histrionic Personality Disorder display several or more of the following characteristics in ways that hinder social and workplace functioning: 

This Could be a separate relation child node: 

- Discomfort with situations in which they are not the center of attention 
- Tendency to interact with others in excessively provocative or sexually seductive ways 
- Speech style that is overly impressionistic and lacking in detail 
- Exaggerated and rapidly shifting expression of emotions 
- Tendency to consider themselves closer to others than they actually are 

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (often abbreviated as NPD) is a personality disorder characterized by extreme grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. People with Narcissistic Personality Disorder display several or more of the following characteristics in ways that hinder social and workplace functioning: 

- Grandiose sense of self-importance, such as exaggerating talents and achievements 
- Preoccupation with unrealistic fantasies of success 
- Unwilling to associate with those they consider to be less important than they are 
- Sense of entitlement 
- Lack of empathy for others 
- Envy of others or belief that others are envious of them 

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

van der Wal, S. J., O. Bienvenu, J.,  Romanoski, A. J., Eaton, W. E., Nestadt, G.,  Samuels, J. Longitudinal relationships between personality disorder dimensions and depression in a community sample, Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research, Volume 30, 2018, Pages 56-61, ISSN 0941-9500, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2018.05.005.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0941950018300836)

Longitudinal relationships between personality disorder dimensions and depression in a community sample

Histrionic personality disorder: Causes, symptoms &amp; treatment. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Retrieved July 31, 2022, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9743-histrionic-personality-disorder 

Mainali, P., Rai, T., & Rutkofsky, I. H. (2020). From Child Abuse to Developing Borderline Personality Disorder Into Adulthood: Exploring the Neuromorphological and Epigenetic Pathway. Cureus, 12(7), e9474. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9474 

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