Aphantasia is a markedly restricted capacity to generate visual mental images in the absence of external visual stimuli.

New York University

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When the mind creates visual representations in the absence of external visual stimuli. 

Visual imagery

In a 1978 study, Stephen Kosslyn asked his subjects to imagine and animal and then to imagine that they were walking towards it. The goal was to see how close they could get to the animal and still be able to imagine it. They found that similarly to external visual stimuli, the closer they got, the harder it was to discern what the image was. In addition, larger animals were harder to imagine close up than smaller animals (similar to external visual stimuli). These findings supported the spatial representation of imagery).

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