There are three commonly found mechanisms for cell division among prokaryotes:
- binary fission 
- fragmentation 
- budding

Mechanisms of Cell Division

Asexual reproduction is a method of reproduction in which a single parent cell gives rise to daughter cells, without the use of new genetic material. It is the only way prokaryotes can reproduce/divide. 

Microbial growth is indicated by the increase in number of cells by division of parent cells into daughter cells. 

Microbial Growth

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Asexual Reproduction

Also known as doubling time, generation time for bacteria is measured as the time it takes for the population to double in number. 

Generation Time

When microbes are introduced to a new environment, they follow a typical growth pattern, which consists of four phases:
1) Lag Phase
2) Log Phase
3) Stationary Phase
4) Death Phase

Growth Curve 

There are many different methods for measuring microbial growth. Each method falls into one of two categories:
- Direct 
- Indirect

Methods for Measuring Microbial Growth

Biofilms are complex populations composed of many different types of microorganisms in a structured ecosystem. Biofilms provide the microbes with an advantageous growth circumstances where the waste product from one organism may be the nutrients for another. They can be found in various environments stuck to surfaces.

Biofilms

The maximum growth of a microbial population is dependent upon its specific ideal physical and chemical conditions.

Growth Conditions

In order to maintain a healthy environment, we needed to develop ways to control microbial growth and reduce the microbial count to safe levels for public health. "Safe levels" depends on the type of environment you are in. A medical setting will require much lower microbial counts than inside our homes, and therefore require higher levels of decontamination

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