Australopithecus Sediba lived around 1.9mya. Traits associated with this species reveal mosaic features, including 420-450cc brain size, gracile mandible, small teeth, and both arboreal and bipedal locomotion traits. 

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- Australopithecus Afarensis
- Australopithecus Anamensis

Australopithecus Genus

Shook, B., Nelson, K., Aguilera, K., & Braff, L. (2019). Explorations: An Open Invitation to Biological Anthropology. American Anthropological Association Arlington. 978-1-931303-62-0

Explorations: An Open Invitation to Biological Anthropology

Australopithecus anamensis has a partial tibia, meaning it most likely walked upright. The teeth of A. anamensis were covered with a layer of enamel much thicker than that of Ar. ramidus, suggesting a diet of hard-to-chew foods. A. anamensis probably lived in open woodland habitats in what is modern-day Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia.

Australopithecus Anamensis 

Australopithecus afarensis had a very low forehead, a face that projected far forward, and a very prominent brow ridge. A. afarensis is the earliest species for which we have reliable brain and body size estimates. The brain of A. Afarensis was about one-third the size of the average modern human brain, or about the same size as a modern ape's brain. Males and females varied significantly in body size, with males standing approximately 4 feet 11 inches tall and weighing 100 pounds and females standing about 3 feet 5 inches tall and weighing about 62 pounds. Males also typically had large crests on top of their skulls; females did not. The knee and pelvic bone structure of A. Afarensis was very humanlike, meaning it definitely walked upright. A. Afarensis probably inhabited the savannas and open woodlands.

Australopithecus Afarensis 

Australopithecus Garhi lived around 2.5mya in Ethiopia. Their brain size is estimated to be around 450cc. Australopithecus Garhi traits also include traits associated with gracile Australopithecines, larger hind dentition, and longer limbs. There is evidence of early stone tools. 

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