Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Disabilities, Campbell et al.

Grinnell College

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

As our understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder has evolved, our definition and explanations have evolved as well, modifying diagnostic criteria and labels. Most likely, it will continue to adapt and evolve as we learn more about it, as our current understanding is incomplete. 

ASD Definitions Through Time

Autism Spectrum Disorder Library

The diagnosis of Autism has changed a lot over time to what it is now. It’s had quite a long and convoluted history as our understanding has changed.

- 1911: The Coining of the Term "Autism"
- ASD in the 1940s-50s
- ASD in the 1950s-60s
- ASD in the 1970s-80s
- ASD in the 1990s-2000s

ASD Diagnostic History

Prior to DSM-5, there were multiple separate diagnoses under the broad range of the Autism Spectrum, but now they are simply denoted as ASD. The single diagnosis of ASD replaced the subcategories that existed prior. To be diagnosed, the individual must have persistent difficulties in social skills and communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors that have been around since childhood. 
Screening is recommended at 18 and 24 months old during regular clinician visits, though more screenings could be recommended if the child is at higher risk. 

- Diagnostic Screening Tools
- Diagnoses Prior to DSM-5


Diagnosing ASD in Children (DSM-5)

In recent years, the approach to diagnosing conditions on the autism spectrum has shifted. Instead of several distinct diagnoses (such as Autistic Disorder and Asperger's Syndrome), a single diagnosis of 'Autism Spectrum Disorder' is now used, with specifiers for severity. Critically evaluate this change. In your response, discuss at least one potential benefit and one potential drawback of this diagnostic consolidation.

Evaluating Diagnostic Consolidation for Autism

Based on the evolution of diagnostic criteria for developmental disorders, analyze the following scenario and explain the relationship between the historical diagnosis and the current diagnostic framework.

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