Differences between gender were calculated as the boys' scores minus the girls'. I this way, if the value is negative, there is an advantage for girls. If the value is positive, there is an advantage for boys.  
- Graph (a) shows the gender differences in absolute PISA scores 
- Graph (b) shows the gender differences in their intraindividual scores.

Graph: Gender Differences in Academic Strengths by Country

On average across nations:
- 24% had science as their strength
- 25% had mathematics as their strength
- 51% had reading as their strength

San Jose State University

Using data analyzed from PISA assessments (Programme for International Student
Assessment), Stoet et al. found that on average across 97% of countries:
- boys intraindividual strength in science was greater than girls'
- girls intraindividual strength in reading was greater than boys'
- boys intraindividual strength in mathematics was greater than girls'

Gender Differences in Academic Strengths

Stoet, G., & Geary, D. C. (2018). The gender-equality paradox in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. Psychological science, 29(4), 581-593.

The gender-equality paradox in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education

Average Academic Strengths for Girls

On average across nations:
- 38% had science as their strength
- 42% had mathematics as their strength
- 20% had reading as their strength

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