- Socio-historical nature of Banks's model
- Marginalized groups experience strongly of this stage
- People internalize negative racial and ethnic sterotypes and beliefs. 

University of Connecticut

- Ethnic psychological captivity
- Ethnic encapsulation
- Ethnic identity clarification
- Bi-ethnicity
- Multi-ethnicity and Reflective nationalism
- Globalism  and Global competency

Six Stages of Bank's model

- All ethnic groups begin to see both positive and negative aspects of their groups
- No hatred or fear of other groups in racial identity development
- This stage revolves around self-acceptance. 

Bank's Model: Stage Three, Ethnic Identity Clarification

Bank's Model: Stage One, Ethnic Psychological Captivity

- Dominant culture internalizes the myth about the inferiority of other group
- Marginalized groups become insular either out of fear or strong ethnic identity 
- The stronger the experiences in stage one, the higher the level of ethnocentrism in the second stage. 

Bank's Model: Stage Two, Ethnic Encapsulation, 

* Individuals have the skills and the desire to function in two culture depending on their social location in society
- (eg,. African Americans and Latinos learn to function in the dominant culture and their own er to gain economic mobility)
* Contacting with other groups is important for achieving this stage
- (eg,. Certain groups living in homogeneous environments may not achieve this stage quickly)

Bank's Model: Stage Four, Bi-ethnicity

- Individuals who have developed a cross-cultural competency 
- Move beyond the obvious aspects of a culture (eg,. holidays and food in order to appreciate the cultural value)
- People switch comfortably between cultures and become responsible citizens

Bank's Model: Stage Five, Multi-ethnicity and Reflective Nationalism

-  Global competency of the fifth
-  People learn increasingly how to balance three identities: ethnic, national, global
- People learn when to use which identity in certain context

Learn Before

Related