In linguistics, the context in which a speech sound is uttered

Pragmatics in human language

The grammatical rules for constructing phrases and sentences in a language

Syntax in human language

The meanings or interpretation of words and sentences in a language

Semantics in human language

The smallest grammatical unit of a language

Morphemes in human language

Phonemes in human language

- Phoneme
- Morpheme
- Semantics
- Syntax
- Pragmatics

New York University

Verbal Behavior

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Animals exhibit vocal behavior within their species, but struggle understanding human speech because most animals appear to lack grammar. Because of this, scientists searched for nonhuman language capabilities in other primate species as they are closest to humans. Studies showed that monkeys have a wide range of vocal behavior that is specific to certain situations. Just before vocalizing, monkeys display changes in electrical potential in cortical areas homologous to human speech areas. 

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