- Participants included 188 undergraduate students taking an Introduction to Psychology course
- Students were free to choose between a face-to-face lecture format or online asynchronous format
- The independent variables were choice of class format as well as personality characteristics
- Students took the Big Five Inventory to assess their personalities
- The dependent variable was academic performance, measured by the final course grade

Impact of Agreeableness & Conscientiousness on Students' Choice of Learning Environment & Academic Performance: Method

A personality assessment designed to measure an individual's Big Five personality traits.

San Jose State University

Villanova University

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Objective tests include questions that are straightforward with distinct answer choices. Questions may be true/false, yes/no, or on a number scale. Objective personality tests are typically very long.

Examples of Objective Test: 
-  Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
-  Big Five Inventory

Objective Test

The Big Five is a widely recognized framework that organizes human personality into five overarching dimensions: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Each of these broad dimensions acts as a primary psychological construct that is further subdivided into six narrower behavioral and emotional constructs, called facets, providing a detailed breakdown of personality variation.

Big Five Personality Traits

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality assessment based on Carl Jung’s theory of psychological types. It measures individuals’ preferred manner of interacting with the world using four dichotomous scales, making up 16 possible personality types. The personality types are represented by four letters that indicate an individual’s preference on each of the scales. The four scales are: 
- Extraversion-introversion 
- Sensing-intuition 
- Thinking-feeling
- Judging-perceiving

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Big Five Inventory

Self-report inventories are a type of objective personality test that relies on individuals' own responses. They commonly feature multiple-choice questions or numbered rating scales, such as Likert scales, where respondents indicate their level of agreement with a statement. Key advantages of these inventories include their cost-effectiveness and ease of administration.

Self Report Inventories of Personality

A personality assessment asks respondents to rate their agreement with the statement 'I am a very organized person' on a scale from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). What is the primary advantage of this question format for ensuring consistent scoring across a large number of individuals?

Critique of the Big 5 Model that adds a honesty-humility dimension to the existing extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness dimensions.

HEXACO Model

The way a student's personality influences their experience in distance learning. 

Personality Traits in Distance Learning

Contains studies that used the Big 5 Personality Traits (often self-reported) in their methodology.

Studies that Utilize the Big 5 Personality Traits 

Openness to experience is a broad dimension within the Big Five personality framework that describes a person's receptiveness to new ideas and non-traditional ways of thinking. As a psychological construct, openness encompasses six specific facets that capture an individual's inclination toward fantasy, aesthetics, emotional awareness, novel actions, intellectual ideas, and shifting values.

Openness in the Big Five Model

Conscientiousness is a Big Five personality trait reflecting a person's competence, self-discipline, thoughtfulness, and goal-driven nature. High scorers are characteristically hardworking, organized, and dependable, while low scorers are prone to being disorganized, careless, and impulsive. This broad dimension is defined by six specific facets: competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, self-discipline, and deliberation.

Conscientiousness in the Big Five Model

Extroversion is a primary dimension in the Big Five personality model that represents an individual's general tendency to be sociable and outgoing across a variety of situations, rather than indicating a constant state of active behavior. This complex psychological construct is characterized by six specific behavioral and emotional facets: warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking, and positive emotions.

Extroversion in the Big Five Model

Agreeableness, a dimension within the Big Five personality model, represents traits such as being cooperative, good-natured, and trustworthy. People scoring high in agreeableness are typically empathetic, helpful, and trusting, whereas low scorers often exhibit suspicious, critical, and uncooperative behaviors. This dimension encompasses six specific facets: trust, straight-forwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, and tender mindedness.

Agreeableness in the Big Five Model

Within the Big Five personality framework, neuroticism is conceptually defined as an individual's underlying tendency to experience negative emotional states, including anger, anxiety, and sadness, across a range of circumstances. This construct encompasses six specific facets—worry, anger, discouragement, self-consciousness, impulsivity, and vulnerability—and research indicates it possesses a robust genetic foundation, remains fairly stable across time, and positively correlates with the experience of physical symptoms and pain.

Neuroticism in the Big Five Model

Analyze the provided description of a new team member, Alex. Identify the personality dimension where Alex likely scores high and the dimension where Alex also likely scores high. Justify your answer by connecting specific behaviors from the description to each of the two dimensions you identified.

Personality Trait Analysis

Read the following description of an individual's behavior at work. Analyze this person's personality by identifying the two most prominent personality dimensions described and justify your choices with specific examples from the text.

Personality Profile Analysis

Openness to experience serves as one of the five primary dimensions within the Big Five personality framework, reflecting an individual's receptiveness to novel situations, ideas, and experiences. As a psychological construct, this overarching trait is broken down into six specific facets: fantasy, aesthetics, feelings, actions, ideas, and values.

Openness to Experience

Conscientiousness represents one of the core dimensions in the Big Five personality model, highlighting an individual's degree of organization, goal-directed behavior, and self-discipline. It is structurally characterized by six narrower behavioral facets: competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, self-discipline, and deliberation.

Conscientiousness

Extroversion is one of the five major dimensions in the Big Five personality framework, representing a person's overall tendency to seek out social interaction and behave in an outgoing manner across various contexts. This broad construct is summarized by six distinct facets: warmth, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity, excitement seeking, and positive emotions.

Extroversion

Agreeableness is a fundamental dimension of the Big Five personality framework that captures an individual's tendency toward cooperation, empathy, and social harmony. This broad trait is defined by six distinct facets: trust, straight-forwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, and tender mindedness.

Agreeableness

Neuroticism is a major dimension of the Big Five personality model that describes a general inclination to experience negative emotional states, such as anxiety, anger, and sadness. This psychological construct is composed of six narrower facets—worry, anger, discouragement, self-consciousness, impulsivity, and vulnerability—and research indicates it has a genetic basis, remains relatively stable, and correlates with physical symptoms.

Neuroticism

Within the Big Five personality framework, a facet is one of six narrower and more specific psychological constructs that collectively make up a broader personality dimension. By dividing each of the five main traits into these facets, researchers can measure and understand human personality with greater precision and detail.

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