Miners rely on a centralized mining pool to provide block headers, 3 of such pools now indirectly controlling 50% of processing power.

University of Connecticut

Vulnerable to two forms of centralization
- Mining ecosystem and ASICs
- Block validation not done locally

Mining Centralization

Buterin, Vitalik. (2013). A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized  

Application Platform. https://ethereum.org/en/whitepaper/


Due to the rise in ASICs, mining is shifting away from a decentralized and egalitarian pursuit. 