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The percentile rank of an individual score describes its relative location within a distribution. It is defined as the percentage of all scores in the distribution that are strictly lower than that specific score. This measure provides a standardized way to compare an individual's performance against the rest of the group and is frequently used to report results on standardized tests of ability or achievement.

Percentile Rank

To calculate a percentile rank, one counts the number of scores in a distribution that fall below a specific value and converts that count into a percentage of the total number of scores. For example, in a distribution of $$40$$ self-esteem scores, if $$32$$ of the scores are strictly lower than $$23$$, the percentile rank for a score of $$23$$ is calculated as $$(32 / 40) 	imes 100 = 80\%$$. Therefore, a student with a score of $$23$$ has a percentile rank of $$80$$, meaning they scored higher than $$80\%$$ of the individuals who took the test.

Example of a Percentile Rank

To find the percentile rank of a specific score, count the number of scores in the distribution that are lower than it, and convert that number to a percentage of the total number of scores. For example, if $$32$$ out of $$40$$ scores (which is $$80\%$$) are lower than a score of $$23$$, then the score of $$23$$ has a percentile rank of $$80$$.

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