A retrospective observational study that compares one selected group of individuals with disease to another selected, similar group without the disease. More effective than cohort studies as it uses confirmed cases within a group rather than unknown randomized subjects

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Types of observational studies include:
- Descriptive epidemiology
- Analytical epidemiology
- Retrospective studies
- Prospective studies
- Analytical studies

Approaches to Observational Studies in Epidemiology

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A method of observational study studying a disease outbreak involving interviews, studying hospital records, and gathering other points of information such as the histories of food consumed. Can be used to form a causal hypothesis that can be further tested in the future

Descriptive Epidemiology

A type of observational study using a randomly selected group of individuals to more precisely test hypotheses

Analytical Epidemiology

A type of observational study that looks to information and data from the past to gain insight into cases from the present to elucidate possible causes

Retrospective Studies

A type of observational study that assesses subjects and their disease status over the course of the study, as they go about their lives in the present rather than the past

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