- Injury
- Psychosocial pressures
- Adverse childhood experiences

University of Virginia, Charlottesville

Chronic pain is pain that is experienced for many days during a week for three months or more, and can either be a primary or secondary symptom. 

Chronic Pain

Ashton-James, C. E., &amp; Ziadni, M. S. (2020). Uncovering and resolving social conflicts contributing to chronic pain: Emotional awareness and expression therapy. Journal of Health Service Psychology, 46(3), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42843-020-00017-y 

Uncovering and Resolving Social Conflicts Contributing to Chronic Pain: Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy

Yarns, B. C., Lumley, M. A., Cassidy, J. T., Steers, W. N., Osato, S., Schubiner, H., &amp; Sultzer, D. L. (2020). Emotional awareness and expression therapy achieves greater pain reduction than cognitive behavioral therapy in older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain: A preliminary randomized comparison trial. Pain Medicine, 21(11), 2811–2822. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnaa145 

Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy Achieves Greater Pain Reduction than Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Older Adults with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Preliminary Randomized Comparison Trial

Lumley, M. A., Schubiner, H., Lockhart, N. A., Kidwell, K. M., Harte, S. E., Clauw, D. J., &amp; Williams, D. A. (2017). Emotional awareness and expression therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and education for fibromyalgia: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Pain, 158(12), 2354–2363. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001036 

Emotional awareness and expression therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and education for fibromyalgia: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

Causes of Chronic Pain

- Emotional Awareness Expression Therapy (EAET)
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

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