Cellular micronutrients, or trace elements, are chemical elements that cells require in very small quantities to sustain life. Examples include sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, calcium, molybdenum, copper, cobalt, manganese, and vanadium, which are crucial for facilitating various biochemical reactions.

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A substance in its simplest form, meaning that it cannot be broken down further via chemical processes. All matter is composed of these elements. 

Chemical Element

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

A table showing all the known chemical elements. It is structured around periodic trends, and arranged according to atomic number, electron configuration, and chemical properties.

Modern 18-Column Table:

Periodic Table of Elements

The smallest piece of a chemical element or ordinary matter

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Cellular macronutrients are the most abundant chemical elements found in cells, constituting roughly 99% of a cell's dry weight. These essential elements include hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

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