- A game must have the characteristics below to be an activity:
   - Fun (picking a light-hearted character)
   - Separation (limited to a time and place)
   - Non-productive (participation is not required)
   - Rules (rules different from life)
   - Fictitious (different from real life)

- Education Game: a game created for teaching and learning
   - Adding the characteristics above with educational concepts
   - Increasing motivation and engagement

Rutgers University

- The paper will explain how the use of games in education and learning is beneficial.
- Differences between Game Based Learning (GBL), Educational Game, and Gamification in Education.
   - Methods of education that all enhance learning.

Educational Gamification Vs. Game Based Learning: Comparative Study

Rula Al-Azawi, Fatma Al-Faliti, and Mazin Al-Blushi, "Educational Gamification Vs. Game Based Learning: Comparative Study," International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 131-136, 2016.

Characteristics of an Educational Game

- Highly entertaining and attract children and teenagers
- Used as a research tool (measure performance and games be easily changed)
- Attract a diverse demographic of participants 
- Help children in setting goals and learning about their own behaviors
- Examine users’ characteristics (self-esteem, goal setting, differences)
- Grab the users’ attention for a long period of time
- Learn new skills (information technology skills)
- Experience challenges and novelty
- Simulations without real consequences

Benefits of Games in Education

- Increasing motivation in learning
- Increases engagement, interaction with users, and loyalty

Benefits of Gamification in Education

- Positive effect on student cognitive development
- Feeling of playing a computer game
- Learning basic knowledge of technology 
- Increase motivation and learning
- Developing communication
- Substitution for:
   - Dry and boring material
   - Difficult subjects/concepts/assessments 

Benefits of Game Based Learning in Education

- Gamification: learning is made into a game 
   - Learning → Game
   - Ex: Leaderboards, progress bards, badges, and achievements in a course
   - To create an experience like a game using game elements
   - Gamification has a lot of positive research, but there is also evidence of increasing competition and difficulty completing tasks (designing the course is difficult too)

- Game Based Learning: using a game for learning
   - Game → Learning
   - Ex: using games in a classroom like Minecraft, Portal, and World of Warcraft (21st-century skills)
   - To create an immersive experience using concepts like storytelling and challenges

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