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Association between childhood trauma and brain anatomy in women with post-traumatic stress disorder, women with borderline personality disorder

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Dissociation Very Well Mind Reference

Michigan State University

Santa Clara University

- Toddler Age 
- Preschool Age
- Primary School Age
- Adolescence

Abuse Effects on Behavioral Development

During childhood, individual is exposed to neglect, physical, sexual, or emotional abuse that leaves them vulnerable to developmental problems into adulthood

Childhood Trauma

Child will usually react to any stressful stimuli with a range of angry and emotional expression (e.g. aggressive behavior or fighting with caregivers/peers).

Abuse Effects on Toddlers

Boys tend to externalize their emotions through expressions of anger, aggression, and verbal bullying. Girls tend to internalize their emotions by being depressed and socially withdrawn, and may have somatic symptoms like headaches and abdominal pain.

Abuse Effects on Preschoolers

Abused children often have trouble with school (e.g. poor academic performance, a lack of interest in school, poor concentration during classes, and limited friendships). Aside from school, these children might also demonstrate poor self esteem, suicidal/self-destructive, attention-seeking, delinquent, depressive, or anxious behavior.

Abuse Effects at Primary School Age

Any previous displays of depression, anxiety, or social withdrawal might be amplified. Abused adolescents might run away to perceived “safer” environments, engage in risky behavior (smoking, drinking alcohol, early sexual activity, using drugs, prostitution, homelessness, gang involvement, and carrying guns).

Abuse Effects in Adolescence

Childhood Trauma Effects References

During developmental periods, the brain has high plasticity and is extremely vulnerable to its environment. Hindering environments can lead the child to become susceptible to developmental problems and disorders.

childhood Trauma and the Brain

- Fear/ reluctance to go home
- Low/no self-esteem
- Flinching away from physical touch 
- Poor academic performance in school
- Self-harm
- Suicidal ideation 
- Aggression/tantrums 
- Physical signs of neglect
- Unusual behavior

Indicators of Child Abuse

- More complex, diffused, and tenacious symptomology (does not fit neatly into DSM-5)
- personality changes in relatedness and identity
- involved further harm to self/others

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