ACEs are characterized by traumatic events in a child's life coupled with a lack of a safe or secure environment. For example:

- Neglect, abuse, violence in the home or surroundings
- Attempted suicide by family member or death of a family member by suicide
- Substance use or mental health problems in the household
- Separation from parent

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Childhood trauma occurs between ages 0-18, and can be any life-threatening, scary, or violent event that occurs in their life. 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Interpersonal trauma is a type of trauma that occurs in one’s relationships with other individuals. Events that can cause interpersonal trauma include physical/sexual abuse, domestic violence, loss of a loved one, etc. 

Interpersonal Trauma

What is child trauma? Center for Child Trauma Assessment and Service Planning. (2020, June 22). Retrieved March 3, 2022, from https://cctasi.northwestern.edu/child-trauma/ 

What is child trauma?

Instances of interpersonal trauma are prevalent in the lives of low-income women. It has been suggested that low-income women who have been exposed to interpersonal trauma experience various significant mental and physical health issues.

The Impact of Interpersonal Trauma on Low-Income Women

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition where an individual experiences a collection of persistent symptoms following a traumatic or profoundly stressful event, such as combat, sexual assault, or a natural disaster. For a diagnosis, these symptoms must last for at least one month. The traumatic event can be witnessed firsthand or secondhand. Historically, PTSD was referred to by terms like 'shell shock' and 'combat neurosis' due to its frequent association with war, but it is now recognized as affecting a wider population.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Military sexual trauma (MST) is defined as sexual harassment and/or assault occurring during active duty or other military training.

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