Case Study

Choosing Model and Compute Capacity for a Very Large Dataset

Case context: A team has collected 8 million labeled product images. They train a compact neural network on this data, but the training and validation performance stop improving even though the dataset is much larger than anything they used before.

Question: Using the idea that larger data can require larger computation and model capacity, what is the most likely bottleneck, and what should the team change?

Sample answer: The most likely bottleneck is that the network is too small to make use of the dataset. The team should increase model capacity by training a larger network and also provide enough computation to support training that larger model.

Key points:

  • The current model is too small for the scale of the data.
  • A larger network is needed.
  • Additional compute is needed to train the larger model.

Rubric: The response must identify insufficient model size as the main limitation and recommend both a larger model and more computational resources.

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Updated 2026-08-12

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