Ciliated epithelial cells are specialized eukaryotic cells with hair-like cilia lining surfaces such as the mammalian respiratory tract. These cilia beat in synchrony to sweep mucus and debris up and out of the lungs.

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Features of mucous membranes in innate immune response include:
- Mucus
- Ciliated epithelial cells
- Mucociliary escalator
- Peristalsis

Features of Mucous Membranes

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Moist and sticky secretions from components of bodily mucous membranes that help remove microbes from the body

Mucus

Ciliated Epithelial Cells

The removal of microbes and debris from the respiratory tract through the expulsion of mucus by respiratory cilia and subsequent mechanical actions of coughing, swallowing, or sneezing. Disruption of this escalator leads to an increased frequency of bacteria in the respiratory tract and constant infections.

Mucociliary Escalator

A nonspecific innate immune mechanical defense of the digestive tract that protects against ingested microbes. The digestive system contracts to move mucus mixed with stomach material, including trapped microbes, through the intestines, rectum, and anus until final expulsion from the body in feces.

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