Canole (2013) argues that the xMOOC and cMOOC classification is too simplistic and doesn't accurately encompass the variety of MOOC formats in existence. 

Further classification of MOOCs

- Connectivist MOOCs (cMOOCs): highly social angle to learning. Values creative thinking, independence, and networking.

- AI-Stanford Like MOOCs(xMOOCs): based in individualistic "cognitive-behavioral approaches." Replication of knowledge.

In this review, they note that Rodriguez (who classified these MOOC categories) did not specify these definitions much further and at the time of this review, it remained a gap in the literature. 

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

San Jose State University

- course structure
- instructional type
- subject matter
- content delivery
- communication channels

MOOC Design

Liyanagunawardena, T. R., Adams, A. A., & Williams, S. A. (2013). MOOCs: A systematic study of the published literature 2008-2012. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(3), 202-227. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v14i3.1455

MOOCs: 
A Systematic Study of the Published 
Literature 2008
-2012 

Ulrich, C., & Nedelcu, A. (2015). MOOCs in Our University: Hopes and Worries. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 1541-1547. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.304

MOOCs in Our University: Hopes and Worries

- Personal/human development
- Data analytics 
- Academic Skills
- Career based skills

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