A study found that SARS-CoV-2 can be highly sensitive to heat. The virus was still detectable after being left out for 14 days in a 4°C room, while the virus inactive 5 minutes after being left in a 70°C. The study also found a difference in stability on different surfaces, such as paper, plastic, and metal.  At room temperature, the virus is highly stable in a range of pH3 - pH10. However, the standard disinfectant method was still able to affect the virus, with the researchers finding no active infection in different disinfectants after an incubation of 5 minutes (except for hand soap).

Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions

Cases of COVID-19 are reported all over the world, but few outbreaks are shown clustered in dry & cool climates areas. Studies and research shows that the spread of the virus favors temperate warm and cold climates rather than arid and tropical climates.

Ideal climate for SARS-CoV-2 


- medRxiv
- Science of the Total Environment

COVID-19 References for Climate Transmission Articles

Smith College

- Super spreading events

- Climate

- Season

- Location

- UV & sunlight on the virus

- Virus concentrations in wastewater 

Factors that affect the transmission of COVID-19

A study found that there is a significant trend of outbreaks along communities in the 30-50° N' corridor of similar weather patterns, indicating that COVID-19's transmission is consistent with the behavior of a seasonal respiratory virus. Weather modeling is a possible tool to predict future outbreaks in at-risk regions to concentrate public health efforts of surveillance and containment.

Seasonal Transmission of COVID-19

Some individuals with COVID-19 have been deemed "superspreaders" because of the individuals' transmission of the virus to many others. Researchers have looked at what makes some individuals more likely to be a superspreader, and determine likelihood of transmission by looking at both the reproduction number and dispersion factor. 

"Superspreader" Transmission of COVID-19

- Asia
- Africa 
- North America
- South America
- Antarctica
- Europe
- Australia

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